Common symptoms
Irregular cycles
Periods that come too early, too late, or unpredictably
Heavy bleeding
Soaking through a pad or tampon every hour for several hours
Severe cramping
Intense pelvic pain before or during menstruation (dysmenorrhea)
Missed periods
Absence of menstruation for one or more cycles (amenorrhea)
Spotting
Light bleeding or discharge between regular periods
Menstrual irregularities can result from hormonal imbalances, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, stress, significant weight changes, or structural abnormalities. A thorough evaluation helps identify the underlying cause.
Severe dysmenorrhea (period pain) can be debilitating. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, started 1 to 2 days before the expected period, are effective for managing pain. Hormonal therapies can help regulate cycle irregularities.
Treatment outcomes depend on the underlying cause. Hormonal therapies typically produce noticeable improvement in cycle regularity within 2 to 3 months. Follow-up evaluation is important for ongoing management.